Skin problems are common in horses and often determine complications and diagnostic difficulties. Dermatological diseases occur with higher prevalence and incidence in horses, bringing zootechnical devaluation, defects, serious complications, and secondary infections. A clinical approach and wound therapy through flexible protocols contribute to rapid tissue repair. This work aimed to make a literature review on alternative treatments for skin lesions in the equine clinic, as well as to make a brief approach to the association of these therapies with conventional ones.

Humans and horses have lived together for centuries, whether in a harmonious way or with a low degree of the welfare of horses, congruent that they would live if they were both in nature with other horses. The purpose of this mini-review is to compare the relationship between horses and this species with humans, to see if there is an idea of a horsemorphization from the equine point of view. According to this review, there is no way of saying whether horses see humans as horses, but, human beings often have their becoming-horse, to learn to have a more ethical and quality relationship with these animals.

Skin problems are common in horses and often determine complications and diagnostic difficulties. Dermatological diseases occur with higher prevalence and incidence in horses, bringing zootechnical devaluation, defects, serious complications, and secondary infections. A clinical approach and wound therapy through flexible protocols contribute to rapid tissue repair. This work aimed to make a literature review on alternative treatments for skin lesions in the equine clinic, as well as to make a brief approach to the association of these therapies with conventional ones.

Humans and horses have lived together for centuries, whether in a harmonious way or with a low degree of the welfare of horses, congruent that they would live if they were both in nature with other horses. The purpose of this mini-review is to compare the relationship between horses and this species with humans, to see if there is an idea of a horsemorphization from the equine point of view. According to this review, there is no way of saying whether horses see humans as horses, but, human beings often have their becoming-horse, to learn to have a more ethical and quality relationship with these animals.

The objective of this review is to check modern and common methods used in drying and salting fish as well as their effect on sensory, chemical and microbial indicators. Different types of fish, such as sardines, Hamour, noebi, fsikh, carp, and other kinds, were salted and dried by different drying methods such as natural sun drying, drying by vacuum solar dryer, drying by electric ovens and by using a microwave oven, In different regions of the world. The studies indicated that the drying efficiency was varied with the different drying methods in terms of drying rate and storage period of dried fish and its effect on the organoleptic, chemical and microbial indices. In general, all the drying methods used to drying fish gave a high efficiency except natural sun drying. Even though different methods were used to dry the salted fish, the percentages of chemical composition and indices were close. As for the microbial indices, the microwave drying efficiency exceeded compared with all the drying methods. The natural sun drying method gave less efficiency in eliminating microbes, and it also differed whether the fish was salted or unsalted, and this affected the storage periods. The different methods in drying and salting fish were affected by the rate of dehydration, which led to a variation in the percentage.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that involved mainly for intestinal absorption of calcium with the regulation of calcium/phosphorus hemostasis, bone formation and remodeling, and anti-inflammatory with immune-modulating advantages. Insufficient solar UVB irradiation and/or lack of vitamin D in diet could induce a deficiency of vitamin D in animals and humans that manifested by poor appetite and growth and consequently leads to osteomalacia and osteodystrophy. A wide range of non-skeletal disorders, neoplastic, cardiovascular, and auto-immune diseases are attributed to vitamin D deficiency. This current review is presenting an overview of the origin/source, metabolism and activation, biology, physiology and functions, and the pathology of vitamin D in human and domestic animals. Special topics of vitamin D deficiency, toxicity, and rickets are also detailed in this review. In conclusion, maintenance of a normal serum level of active form of vitamin D prevents the occurrence of broad ranges of disorders and diseases. Beside enhance the weight gain and the growth of the growing animals, normal levels of vitamin D may also play a crucial role as immune-modulating factors for making animals and people resistant against contagious diseases such as hemorrhagic septicemia and coronavirus (COVID-19).

Impacts result from a simple cause-effect relationship such as lack of basic sanitation, dumping of household waste in inappropriate places and outdoors, which contributes to the proliferation of diseases and environmental degradation. The objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the impacts arising from the inadequate disposal of human waste. The method applied to the research was an integrative review based on the Evidence-Based Practice (EBS), in relation to the approach; it is of a quantiqualitative nature, the secondary data fit into the time cut between 2010 and 2019. The databases consulted to produce this research were Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Coordination of Research and Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES) and Google Scholar. After analyzing the data, it was shown that the index of infectious diseases linked to lack of basic sanitation is high (100%). The data also indicated that 66.67% of the national literature identified a state of contamination in water bodies and 33.33% in soil. Therefore, the basic sanitation service is a great challenge for the state and society, so it is necessary to develop conditions that allow effective implementation of it and especially, that is accessible to all social classes, only then, a balance between environment, economy and society will be possible.

The objective of this review is to check modern and common methods used in drying and salting fish as well as their effect on sensory, chemical and microbial indicators. Different types of fish, such as sardines, Hamour, noebi, fsikh, carp, and other kinds, were salted and dried by different drying methods such as natural sun drying, drying by vacuum solar dryer, drying by electric ovens and by using a microwave oven, In different regions of the world. The studies indicated that the drying efficiency was varied with the different drying methods in terms of drying rate and storage period of dried fish and its effect on the organoleptic, chemical and microbial indices. In general, all the drying methods used to drying fish gave a high efficiency except natural sun drying. Even though different methods were used to dry the salted fish, the percentages of chemical composition and indices were close. As for the microbial indices, the microwave drying efficiency exceeded compared with all the drying methods. The natural sun drying method gave less efficiency in eliminating microbes, and it also differed whether the fish was salted or unsalted, and this affected the storage periods. The different methods in drying and salting fish were affected by the rate of dehydration, which led to a variation in the percentage.

In this study, we sought to conduct a bibliographic survey about the Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) that influence the occurrence of extreme precipitation events in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil (NEBSA). In this literature review were used papers Brazilian and internationals published in Scielo platforms, Elsevier and periodicals Mendeley. The motivation of this research is due to the lack of information related to the chosen theme, based on the concern of giving subsidies that favor the academic knowledge about MCS. To this end, the definitions, the period of operation, their origin, and their life cycle in which they include their formation, development and dissipation are presented. This study is necessary, since the advance knowledge of the dynamic conditions of the atmosphere favors the development and maintenance of these events, making it possible to characterize their synoptic environment.

In Brazil, bananas are present throughout the territory and, due to their high production, the volume of waste generated is large. Among such residues, the pseudostem stands out, which, when not disposed of or used correctly, contributes to environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to verify the energetic potential of the pseudostem and the feasibility of using it as a solid biofuel. It is concluded that the pseudostem has characteristics that enable its use as a solid fuel, has energetic potential and is a sustainable alternative compared to other fuels.

An integrative review aimed to identify the contribution of research conducted on the state of the art about the nursing care in the delivery of humanization in the databases BDENF and LILACS subsidized this research was conducted. To get closer to reality, it was decided by studies published in the last five years in article format, obtaining a total of 14 publications were used in this review. The results showed the insertion of humanization in childbirth in nursing education and encouragement provided by the Ministry of Health as well as the hegemonic model influencing behavior directed at birth. We conclude that it is necessary that nursing can grasp its real object and purpose of work and become aware of the role it has in the course of satisfactory parturition, where the memory of the patient about this time meets, and even exceeds, expectations created throughout pregnancy. As can also cause the professionals involved satisfaction and feel of the fulfilled work.

Toxins are a primary concern in the poultry industry, as major economic losses occur annually due to contamination of bird food with aflatoxins. At the same time, there is an expansion in the poultry industry, be it broilers or laying, and this expansion coincided with a turbulent increase in the percentage of contamination of poultry feed, which led researchers and workers in this field to look for unconventional feed, to get rid of this contamination. Therefore, it is urgent to know aflatoxin (its causes and effects). This review aimed to provide a general introduction to aflatoxin, its causes, chemical structure, metabolism and impact on DNA, as well as its economic effects, as well as the direct and indirect effect of aflatoxins on genes and gene expression. The necessary strategies have been revised to reduce aflatoxins or to reduce their negative effects. In conclusion, the effect of aflatoxin on the poultry industry is significant and very dangerous, and more detailed studies are needed to reduce its effect.

Toxins are a primary concern in the poultry industry, as major economic losses occur annually due to contamination of bird food with aflatoxins. At the same time, there is an expansion in the poultry industry, be it broilers or laying, and this expansion coincided with a turbulent increase in the percentage of contamination of poultry feed, which led researchers and workers in this field to look for unconventional feed, to get rid of this contamination. Therefore, it is urgent to know aflatoxin (its causes and effects). This review aimed to provide a general introduction to aflatoxin, its causes, chemical structure, metabolism and impact on DNA, as well as its economic effects, as well as the direct and indirect effect of aflatoxins on genes and gene expression. The necessary strategies have been revised to reduce aflatoxins or to reduce their negative effects. In conclusion, the effect of aflatoxin on the poultry industry is significant and very dangerous, and more detailed studies are needed to reduce its effect.

Candidiasis represents a varied number of clinical syndromes caused by a fungus of the genus Candida. This study aims to analyze articles from the last five years related to candidiasis in neonates. This is a literature review study, where articles published in the last five years selected on the Pubmed database were analyzed, and for the search, the terms “Candida albicans” and “children” were used. After evaluation, nine articles were selected for this study. Since this infection is currently considered an important public health problem, elucidated by the high epidemiological indexes, it is very relevant to know the causal factors and their main species, to assist in the management and control of the disease, which is classified as easy execution by professionals in the field.

The root lesions nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) has become one of the main problems in soybean crops (Glycine max). Is a phytonematode of difficult management, due to be cosmopolitan and don’t having resistent cultivars for this nematode. The control of manegement more used is the sucession or rotation with more resistents cultures, for example the species of genre Crotalaria. The objetive these review is detail the control principles (exclusion, erradication, imunization nad protetion) more used nad recomended for the pathosistem root lesion nematode x soybean crop.

In the past decade, the incidence of acute pancreatitis in humans has increased by 20% in the United Kingdom, and its economic impact in the United States has exceeded USD 2.6 billion a year. Progression to the severe form is associated with the activation of inflammatory mediators and cascades, which lead to the development of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, consequently, to multiple organ dysfunction, where the lungs are the most affected. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are respiratory disorders most often associated with acute pancreatitis. Dogs and cats with ARDS have mortality rates above 90% and in humans, the syndrome is responsible for 60% of deaths. The study aimed to review the pathophysiology of the disease in view of the need to develop therapeutic strategies. For this purpose, an analysis of publications indexed in the PubMed® database was carried out in the last 20 years. The search resulted in 51 articles that correlated with the topic. It was concluded that the high rate of morbidity and mortality in human patients and animals affected by pulmonary complications secondary to acute pancreatitis, reiterate the importance of conducting clinical trials and experimental studies that expand knowledge about its pathophysiology, which has not yet been fully elucidated.

The correlation between the nitrogen cycle in the freshwater environment must be analyzed and monitored because it interacts with the ecosystem directly and indirectly and can be altered by dumping domestic sewage and excess organic matter. This work aimed to demonstrate the relationship between the nitrogen cycle and the consequences of the saturation of this component in freshwater aquatic environments, in addition to highlighting the association with bioindicators such as water lilies (Eichhornia sp), water lettuce (Pistia sp) and jaguars ear (Salvinia sp) with this chemical element. The method used was exploratory and deductive with the application of three stages (survey of studies on the subject, the chronology of literature, and statistical treatment of data) described in the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique method using Exploiting Rankings (SMARTER). The data obtained and analyzed indicated that the biological accumulation caused by the excess of bioavailable nitrogen in aquatic environments, by the insertion of industrial and domestic effluents, and this contributes to the flowering or bloom of cyanobacteria, in addition to decomposing microorganisms such as bacteria of the genera Nitrossomonas spp, Nitrosococcus spp, and Nitrospira spp. Then, the excess or low concentration of this chemical element directly affects living organisms (phytoplankton). Therefore, those human actions intervene negatively in such environments, however, these effects are mitigated by the presence of the water lily, water lettuce and jaguar ear determine the absorption of the excess amount of nitrogen, as well as indicate the state of conservation of the freshwater aquatic ecosystem; however, it is recommended to control these populations so that no degradation of water quality occurs.

Neural Therapy is a treatment of Russian and German origins that consists of the use of local anesthetics in low concentrations, such as procaine. Procaine is a synthetic anesthetic discovered in 1905. Its use was further developed in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century by the Huneke brothers. Studies show that in addition to the anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial functions, procaine also has an anti-tumor action. Currently, there is a greater tutor - animal approach, which has led to the inclusion of dogs and cats in the family environment. In this way, the animals longevity has increased and, consequently, the incidence of neoplasms in companion animals has also increased in recent years. A situation that brings several underlying problems, such as paraneoplastic syndromes and stress shared with the family. Currently, cancer is a major cause of death in dogs and cats. Studies show that procaine can produce DNA demethylation and reexpression of tumor suppressor genes and therefore can be a therapeutic option for cancer patients. Veterinary oncology has been standing out with new approaches. Today there is greater efficiency of treatments, whether isolated or associated with other practices. The objective of this work is to show that Neural Therapy can be a treatment option for cancer patients.

The objective of this review is to uncover the activity of oxytocin in various biological systems in the body related to reproductive functions. Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced in the brain, storage, and secretion from the pituitary gland in most animals especially the mammals. Oxytocin was discovered at first time by Henry Dale in 1906. Whereas, its structure was discovered in 1952. Oxytocin has a wide variety of physiological functions such as milk removal, maternal behavior, cancer and sexual behavior in both type sex (male and female), for example, its play a role in excitation penile, ejaculation, accessory glands performance and the contractions of smooth muscles of the uterus and pelvic during mating and parturition, growth and development of the corpus luteum and progesterone level in blood. Also, oxytocin effect on some hormones such as prolactin and luteinizing hormone. Furthermore, there is a relationship between oxytocin and stress tolerance. So, understanding the effects of oxytocin on functions of the somebody is important and necessary to provide information about body biological processes which control by this hormone.

The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that coexisting paradoxically with malnutrition, a global epidemic of overweight and obesity is currently growing in many parts of the world. Data from the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, indicate that 50% of the Brazilian population is overweight (overweight and obese). Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems in the world and its projection for 2025 is about 2.3 billion overweight adults and more than 700 million individuals within the framework of obesity. In this scenario, it is possible to observe the increase in the prevalence of obesity in pregnant women. Obesity is an inflammatory, systemic and multifactorial disease that can contribute to the loss of quality of life and homeostasis, favoring the emergence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, among others. Despite the current knowledge on the subject, the influences of breastfeeding and its reflexes on child weight development are not yet fully known. This integrative review aimed to investigate current knowledge about the influence of breastfeeding on child weight development. An analysis of publications indexed in the Medline/PubMed® database of the National Institutes of Health was performed. The research was carried out in the period from January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2020, using the descriptors in the English language: “Metabolic imprinting”, “Maternal obesity”, “Metabolism”. The research revealed 66 articles. Of these, 25 articles were selected whose abstract or full text was compatible with the topic. Although most studies have shown an association between maternal obesity and harmful effects on offspring, the molecular mechanisms underlying poor fetal programming remain unknown. However, its clarification may enable therapeutic strategies that work to prevent or improve its repercussions.